{"id":3273,"date":"2025-12-05T17:23:21","date_gmt":"2025-12-05T14:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.drsoleiman.com\/tr\/?p=3273"},"modified":"2025-12-07T17:50:24","modified_gmt":"2025-12-07T14:50:24","slug":"diz-kapagi-kikirdak-asinmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.drsoleiman.com\/tr\/diz-kapagi-kikirdak-asinmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Diz Kapa\u011f\u0131 K\u0131k\u0131rdak A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 (Kondromalazi Patella)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Diz eklemi, v\u00fccudumuzun en \u00f6nemli ve en fazla y\u00fck ta\u015f\u0131yan eklemlerinden biridir. G\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda y\u00fcr\u00fcme, ko\u015fma, merdiven \u00e7\u0131kma, \u00e7\u00f6melme ve uzun s\u00fcre ayakta durma gibi hareketler s\u0131ras\u0131nda diz kapa\u011f\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck bir bask\u0131 biner. Diz kapa\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda yer alan k\u0131k\u0131rdak dokusu eklemin kaygan, a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z ve d\u00fczg\u00fcn hareket etmesini sa\u011flar. Ancak zamanla bu k\u0131k\u0131rdak dokusunun a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, incelmesi veya p\u00fcr\u00fczl\u00fc h\u00e2le gelmesi sonucu diz kapa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131k\u0131rdak a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131<\/strong>, yani kondromalazi patella<\/strong> ad\u0131 verilen ortopedik bir problem ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

Bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k gen\u00e7 ya\u015flarda spor yapan bireylerde s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclse de, hareketsiz ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na sahip ki\u015filerde, uzun s\u00fcre masa ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlarda, fazla kilolu bireylerde ve ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e k\u0131k\u0131rdak yap\u0131s\u0131 zay\u0131flayan ki\u015filerde de yayg\u0131n \u015fekilde g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Diz kapa\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 tedavi edilmedi\u011finde ilerleyebilir, ya\u015fam kalitesini ciddi \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir ve ileri d\u00f6nemde osteoartrit gibi daha kapsaml\u0131 eklem rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu nedenle erken te\u015fhis ve do\u011fru tedavi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diz Kapa\u011f\u0131 A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n Belirtileri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Diz kapa\u011f\u0131 k\u0131k\u0131rdak a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta hafif belirtilerle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir ancak zamanla belirgin h\u00e2le gelir. En s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen belirtiler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

Diz kapa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresinde a\u011fr\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

En belirgin semptom, \u00f6zellikle merdiven \u00e7\u0131karken, \u00e7\u00f6melirken, uzun s\u00fcre oturup kalkarken veya yoku\u015f yukar\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcrken dizin \u00f6n k\u0131sm\u0131nda hissedilen a\u011fr\u0131d\u0131r. Bu a\u011fr\u0131 genellikle bat\u0131c\u0131, bask\u0131 tarz\u0131nda veya k\u00fcnt bir \u015fekilde hissedilir. \u0130stirahatle hafifler ancak aktiviteyle artar.<\/p>\n

Dizden gelen sesler (k\u0131t\u0131rt\u0131 \u2013 krepitasyon)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Diz kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131 hareket ettirirken s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme sesi, \u00e7\u0131t\u0131rt\u0131 veya t\u0131k\u0131rt\u0131 duyulmas\u0131 k\u0131k\u0131rdak y\u00fczeyindeki bozulman\u0131n belirtisidir. Merdiven ini\u015f-\u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda bu sesler daha belirgin h\u00e2le gelebilir.<\/p>\n

Dizde tak\u0131lma ve kayma hissi<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Patellan\u0131n olu\u011funda d\u00fczg\u00fcn hareket etmemesi sonucu dizde tak\u0131lma, bo\u015falma veya anl\u0131k kayma hissi olu\u015fabilir. Bu durum \u00f6zellikle egzersiz s\u0131ras\u0131nda rahats\u0131z edici olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u015ei\u015flik ve \u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K\u0131k\u0131rdak hasar\u0131 bazen hafif iltihaplanmaya neden olabilir. Bu nedenle diz kapa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7evresinde \u015fi\u015flik, s\u0131cakl\u0131k hissi ve dolgunluk g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Uzun s\u00fcre oturma sonras\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 ve sertlik<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Uzun s\u00fcre bacak bacak \u00fcst\u00fcne atmak, araba yolculu\u011fu veya sinemada uzun s\u00fcre oturmak dizde sertlik, uyu\u015fma ve hareketle artan a\u011fr\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilir. Buna \u201csinema belirtisi\u201d denir.<\/p>\n

Diz Kapa\u011f\u0131 K\u0131k\u0131rdak A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n Nedenleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bu rahats\u0131zl\u0131k pek \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 nedenden kaynaklanabilir. En yayg\u0131n nedenler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n

A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 kullan\u0131m<\/strong><\/h3>\n

S\u00fcrekli ko\u015fu yapan sporcular, dans\u00e7\u0131lar, futbolcular ve \u00e7\u00f6melme pozisyonunda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015filerde diz kapa\u011f\u0131na y\u00fcklenme fazlad\u0131r. Bu durum zamanla k\u0131k\u0131rdak a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n

Diz kapa\u011f\u0131 hizalanma bozuklu\u011fu<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Patellan\u0131n eklem olu\u011funda ideal \u015fekilde kaymamas\u0131 (patella maltracking), k\u0131k\u0131rdak y\u00fczeyine yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00f6nde bask\u0131 uygular. Bu durum zamanla a\u015f\u0131nmay\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Kas dengesizlikleri<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u00d6zellikle quadriceps kaslar\u0131n\u0131n zay\u0131f olmas\u0131 diz kapa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru pozisyonda hareket etmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Kal\u00e7a ve ayak bile\u011fi kaslar\u0131ndaki zay\u0131fl\u0131k da dizin yanl\u0131\u015f y\u00fcklenmesine yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n

Fazla kilo<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Her ad\u0131mda diz eklemine v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n birka\u00e7 kat\u0131 kadar y\u00fck biner. Obezite bu y\u00fck\u00fc art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u0131k\u0131rdak daha h\u0131zl\u0131 a\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Travmalar ve darbeler<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Spor kazalar\u0131, d\u00fc\u015fme, \u00e7arpma veya do\u011frudan diz kapa\u011f\u0131na gelen darbeler k\u0131k\u0131rda\u011f\u0131 zedeleyebilir.<\/p>\n

Anatomik bozukluklar<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ayak basma bozukluklar\u0131, kal\u00e7a-diz eksenindeki a\u00e7\u0131sal de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve bacak yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki \u015fekil bozukluklar\u0131 diz kapa\u011f\u0131na binen bask\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015flanma<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0130lerleyen ya\u015fla birlikte k\u0131k\u0131rdak dokusu elastikiyetini kaybeder ve incelir. Bu da a\u015f\u0131nmaya zemin haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Diz Kapa\u011f\u0131 A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 Nas\u0131l Te\u015fhis Edilir?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Te\u015fhis i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle ortopedi uzman\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan fizik muayene yap\u0131l\u0131r. Ard\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n

\u2022 R\u00f6ntgen<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kemik yap\u0131lar\u0131 ve diz kapa\u011f\u0131 pozisyonu de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Manyetik Rezonans G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme (MR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K\u0131k\u0131rdak kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, y\u00fczey bozukluklar\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n derecesi en net MR\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ultrason<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Eklem s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ve yumu\u015fak dokular de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n

Bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemeler sayesinde hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n hangi evrede oldu\u011fu belirlenir ve uygun tedavi planlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Diz Kapa\u011f\u0131 K\u0131k\u0131rdak A\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 Tedavi Y\u00f6ntemleri<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tedavi, a\u015f\u0131nman\u0131n derecesine ve ki\u015finin ya\u015fam tarz\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda ameliyats\u0131z tedaviler yeterlidir.<\/p>\n

1. Aktivite d\u00fczenlemesi ve istirahat<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dizi zorlayan hareketlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak, merdiveni m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca az kullanmak, \u00e7\u00f6melme ve diz \u00fczerine \u00e7\u00f6kme gibi hareketleri s\u0131n\u0131rlamak a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2. So\u011fuk uygulama<\/strong><\/h3>\n

A\u011fr\u0131 veya \u015fi\u015flik oldu\u011funda g\u00fcnde 2\u20133 kez 15\u201320 dakika buz uygulamas\u0131 yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

3. Fizik tedavi ve egzersizler<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Bu, tedavinin en \u00f6nemli basama\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nerilen egzersizler:<\/strong><\/p>\n